{"id":3067,"date":"2025-08-31T13:50:26","date_gmt":"2025-08-31T13:50:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.tradeiators.com\/?p=3067"},"modified":"2025-08-31T14:30:46","modified_gmt":"2025-08-31T14:30:46","slug":"la-guerre-commerciale-de-trump-devient-de-plus-en-plus-chaotique-face-aux-defis-juridiques-croissants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.tradeiators.com\/fr\/la-guerre-commerciale-de-trump-devient-de-plus-en-plus-chaotique-face-aux-defis-juridiques-croissants\/","title":{"rendered":"La guerre commerciale de Trump devient de plus en plus chaotique face aux d\u00e9fis juridiques croissants"},"content":{"rendered":"

Alors que la guerre commerciale<\/strong> lanc\u00e9e par le pr\u00e9sident am\u00e9ricain Donald Trump<\/strong> entre dans son huiti\u00e8me mois, les milieux \u00e9conomiques esp\u00e9raient plus de clart\u00e9 quant \u00e0 son orientation.<\/p>\n

Mais au lieu de la stabilit\u00e9, l\u2019incertitude et la confusion s\u2019intensifient, notamment \u00e0 la suite de r\u00e9cents d\u00e9veloppements juridiques<\/a> qui menacent de faire tomber le fondement l\u00e9gal sur lequel l\u2019administration Trump a bas\u00e9 sa politique de tarifs douaniers<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Vendredi, une cour d\u2019appel f\u00e9d\u00e9rale a statu\u00e9 que la majorit\u00e9 des droits de douane impos\u00e9s jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent par Trump sont ill\u00e9gaux<\/strong>. Bien que cette d\u00e9cision n\u2019ait pas surpris les experts en commerce international<\/a>, elle plonge les importateurs<\/a> am\u00e9ricains dans une situation encore plus instable, avec des r\u00e9percussions potentielles sur l\u2019\u00e9conomie<\/a> jusqu\u2019en 2026.<\/p>\n

La cour a invalid\u00e9 l\u2019utilisation par Trump de la loi sur les pouvoirs \u00e9conomiques d\u2019urgence internationale (IEEPA)<\/a> de 1977 comme fondement juridique pour imposer des tarifs dans le cadre d\u2019\u00a0\u00bburgences nationales\u00a0\u00bb. Cette d\u00e9cision confirme un jugement ant\u00e9rieur rendu par un tribunal inf\u00e9rieur le 28 mai, ouvrant la voie \u00e0 une \u00e9ventuelle saisine de la Cour supr\u00eame des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/a>, dont le calendrier et l\u2019issue restent incertains.<\/p>\n

Cette ann\u00e9e, Trump a invoqu\u00e9 des \u00ab\u00a0urgences nationales\u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 de nombreuses reprises pour justifier des mesures tarifaires \u00e9tendues. Pourtant, l\u2019IEEPA ne mentionne ni l\u2019autorit\u00e9 du pr\u00e9sident pour imposer des imp\u00f4ts<\/a>, ni celle d\u2019imposer des droits de douane<\/a>, des comp\u00e9tences traditionnellement r\u00e9serv\u00e9es au Congr\u00e8s<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Le tribunal a \u00e9galement soulign\u00e9 que le d\u00e9ficit commercial<\/a>, souvent invoqu\u00e9 par l\u2019administration, ne constitue pas une urgence r\u00e9elle au sens juridique.<\/p>\n

Selon les donn\u00e9es de la Tax Foundation<\/a>, environ 78 % des nouveaux droits de douane pay\u00e9s par les importateurs am\u00e9ricains rel\u00e8vent des \u00ab\u00a0tarifs d\u2019urgence\u00a0\u00bb appliqu\u00e9s en vertu de cette loi. Si la Cour supr\u00eame les invalide d\u00e9finitivement, Trump devra revoir sa strat\u00e9gie de restructuration du syst\u00e8me commercial mondial<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Les tarifs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 impos\u00e9s \u00e0 la quasi-totalit\u00e9 des partenaires commerciaux des \u00c9tats-Unis, avec des taux allant de 10 % \u00e0 50 %. La hausse la plus significative a concern\u00e9 les importations en provenance de Chine<\/a>, deuxi\u00e8me plus grand fournisseur des \u00c9tats-Unis, o\u00f9 certaines taxes ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 30 points de pourcentage.<\/p>\n

Trump a utilis\u00e9 ces tarifs pour n\u00e9gocier des accords commerciaux bilat\u00e9raux<\/a>, visant \u00e0 fixer les taux et \u00e0 offrir de meilleures conditions aux exportateurs am\u00e9ricains<\/a>. Mais si les tarifs sont invalid\u00e9s, ces accords risquent de perdre toute validit\u00e9 juridique<\/a>.<\/p>\n

En outre, Trump s\u2019est servi des tarifs comme d\u2019un levier g\u00e9opolitique<\/a>. Il a r\u00e9cemment impos\u00e9 une taxe de 50 % sur les importations en provenance d\u2019Inde<\/a> afin de dissuader New Delhi d\u2019acheter du p\u00e9trole russe. De m\u00eame, des droits de 50 % ont \u00e9t\u00e9 appliqu\u00e9s aux importations br\u00e9siliennes<\/a>, en partie pour faire pression dans le cadre du proc\u00e8s de l\u2019ancien pr\u00e9sident Jair Bolsonaro<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Si ces pouvoirs tarifaires d\u2019urgence sont annul\u00e9s, l\u2019administration Trump perdra un outil crucial d\u2019influence, ce qui compliquera la mise en \u0153uvre de la politique commerciale ext\u00e9rieure<\/a> des \u00c9tats-Unis et accentuera l\u2019incertitude autour de l\u2019avenir de la guerre commerciale.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Alors que la guerre commerciale lanc\u00e9e par le pr\u00e9sident am\u00e9ricain Donald Trump entre dans son huiti\u00e8me mois, les milieux \u00e9conomiques […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3034,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3067","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-categorise"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.tradeiators.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3067","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.tradeiators.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.tradeiators.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tradeiators.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tradeiators.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3067"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tradeiators.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3067\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3069,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tradeiators.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3067\/revisions\/3069"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tradeiators.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3034"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.tradeiators.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3067"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tradeiators.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3067"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tradeiators.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3067"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}